# Guide to Cultivating Complex Analysis: Errata

Every book (no matter how much you paid for it) has errors and typos, especially text that is new in a given edition. I try to be as transparent as possible about any errors found, and I try to fix them as quickly as possible. Please do let me know if you find any errors or typos, so that they may be fixed. A free book relies on readers sending in corrections.

This page lists major problems in the various editions. Simple typos, misspellings, and such are not listed here. Also not listed are things that were correct but simply deserved improvement. Of course, older editions may suffer from recently discovered errata as well.

July 9th 2022 edition (version 1.3):

1. On page 15, the offhand remark that the exponential is the unique continuous function that does $$e^{z+w}=e^ze^w$$ is not correct, and would need a different condition such as the derivative being 1 at the origin. Best to just ignore it at this point. I'll remove it in the next version. Thanks to Kevin Fernández for noticing.
2. After the argument principle the application to compute the single zero $$z_0$$ it says "at most one simple zero", strike the "at most".

May 10th 2022 edition (version 1.2):

1. On page 37, in Exercise 2.2.18, the biholomorphism should be onto the punctured unit disc $${\mathbb{D}} \setminus \{ 0 \}.$$
2. On page 37, in Exercise 2.2.20, it should say $$f \colon {\mathbb{C}} \setminus \{ 0 \} \to {\mathbb{C}}$$ not $$f \colon {\mathbb{C}} \setminus \{ 0 \} = {\mathbb{C}} .$$
3. On page 57, Proposition 3.1.7, clearly $$g \circ \gamma$$ is a path in $$U,$$ not a path in $$V.$$
4. On page 87, Exercise 3.5.3, the $$U$$ must be a domain, that is, being connected is a necessary technicality.
5. On page 89, Exercise 3.5.7, technically the exercise is correct but kind of misleading. The condition on the numbers should be $$ad-bc > 0,$$ otherwise the map might flip upper and lower half plane.
6. On page 108, Exercise 4.4.9, half the problem is stated as if $$p=0.$$ The two radii should be $$|z_1-p|$$ and $$|z_2-p|.$$
7. On page 124, Exercise 5.1.7, the $$a$$ should be $$p$$ in the latter part of the problem.
8. On page 129, Exercise 5.2.20, the image should be $$f\bigl(\Delta_r(p) \setminus \{ p \} \bigr)$$ and not $$f\bigl(\Delta_r(p)\bigr)$$ ($$f$$ has a singularity at $$p$$).
9. On page 138, Exercise 5.4.2, the $$U'$$ should still be large enough so that $$\Gamma$$ is in $$U'$$ and homologous to zero there.
10. On page 139, Exercise 5.4.7, the hint is a bit misleading. One is supposed to apply the formula from the argument principle, not the theorem itself.
11. On page 143, Exercise 5.4.15, the functions $$f_n$$ must clearly be holomorphic.
12. On page 149, Exercise 6.1.3, the sequence cannot converge pointwise, what is meant that the sequence converges to 1 on a dense set and 0 on another dense set, it does not (it cannot) need to converge at every point.
13. On page 164, Exercise 6.3.13, the limit $$f$$ had better be nonconstant.
14. On page 191, Exercise 7.4.9, the minimum needs to be the global minimum, otherwise one only gets locally constant for superharmonic functions. The theorem (maximum principle) for subharmonic functions is correctly stated.
15. On page 205, in the definition of $$p_n$$ the $$d(z,{\mathbb{C}}\setminus U)$$ should be $$d(a^1_n,{\mathbb{C}}\setminus U) .$$
16. On page 219, Exercise 9.4.3, the $$K$$ should be compact.

December 18th 2020 edition (version 1.1):

1. Towards the top of page 15, when computing $$|e^z|$$ it says $$|e^{x-iy}|$$ while it should say $$|e^{x+iy}|$$ (although in some sense it is not "wrong").
2. In Exercise 1.3.6, the limit should go to $$z_0$$ not $$\infty.$$
3. When discussing the extended arithmetic (we don't really use it, it's just a remark) we say that no addition makes sense, which is not true, what was meant that neither $$\infty+\infty$$ nor $$\infty-\infty$$ makes sense. Finite number plus $$\infty$$ is still valid.
4. On page 23 when computing $$\Psi \circ f$$ for $$z=\frac{-d}{c},$$ we say $$f(0)=\infty$$ when we should say $$f(z)=\infty .$$
5. In the first version of the proof of Proposition 2.2.2, the case $$k=0$$ should be explicitly mentioned. That can happen if $$f'(z)=0.$$
6. In second version of the proof of Proposition 2.2.2 it says that $$f$$ and $$g$$ are holomorphic when it should just say they are complex differentiable (at the relevant points).
7. Exercise 2.2.2 should only ask for the power rule not for (ii). Items (ii) and (iii) are asked for in Exercise 2.2.3.
8. In Exercise 2.2.9, assume $$U$$ is a domain (open and connected), otherwise $$f$$ is only locally constant. Thanks to Rajan Adhikari.
9. On page 40 in caption to Figure 2.3, the $$\pm\frac{\pi}{2}$$ should be $$\pm\frac{\pi}{4}.$$
10. The sentence before Cauchy-Hadamard seems to imply we proved divergence for the series of absolute values, but we did it for the original series because the terms are all bigger than one in absolute value.
11. In Remark 2.3.5 we say we don't need addition and multiplication of power series and we could wait for doing it for holomorphic functions, however, we do need addition (which is rather easy) in just the next section. It is the multiplication that I really had in mind that could be postponed.
12. On bottom of page 54, in the note about the definition of line integral from calculus in the second line of the displayed equation, the $$z$$ was not replaced by $$\gamma(t)$$ as it should be.
13. In Proposition 3.1.7, it is possible that $$g \circ \gamma$$ does not quite satisfy the requirement we made for piecewise $$C^1$$ paths in that the derivative could vanish if the derivative of $$g$$ vanishes, but the formula still holds. We could reparametrize, though that is beyond the scope of this proposition, but add a footnote to this effect.
14. In the discussion after Corollary 3.2.6, when we say we define a function via a line integral, we say "such a function has a primitive" when it should say "such a function is a primitive".
15. The example after proof of Theorem 3.3.8 should use $$(z-p)^n$$ not $$z^n.$$
16. In Exercise 3.3.15, assume that $$U$$ is a domain, not just open.
17. In Exercise 3.5.8, the $$\phi_a$$ should be $$\varphi_a$$ and it should say that the function can be defined at $$a$$ to be holomorphic, as a priori it is not defined there.
18. At the end of the proof of Proposition 4.1.2 it assumes that $$p=0.$$ It should read: "As $$L_n$$ and $$L_1$$ are both branches of $$\log(z-p),$$ their difference is $$2\pi k i$$ for some $$k \in \mathbb{Z},$$ as each is $$\log\lvert z_0-p \rvert + i \arg (z_0-p)$$ for some value of $$\arg.$$"
19. On page 97 and again on page 98, in the displayed formulas computing $$h(z),$$ where it says "$$n(\Gamma;z)$$," it should say "$$(2\pi i)n(\Gamma;z)$$."
20. On page 105 in the proof of the existence of Laurent series when proving that $$\Gamma$$ is homologous to zero we say $$n(\partial \Delta s_j(p);q)=-1,$$ when that is clearly equal to 0.
21. On page 105 we refer to Cauchy's theorem when we mean Cauchy's integral formula.
22. On page 106 near the bottom, when it talks about compact subsets of $$\mathbb{C} \setminus \Delta_{s_1}(p)$$ it should be $$\mathbb{C} \setminus \overline{\Delta_{s_1}(p)}$$ (the description in parentheses is correct).
23. In Lemma 4.5.5, the $$\theta$$ should be real-valued, not complex-valued.
24. In Exercise 5.2.12, the function $$f$$ should be "not identically zero".
25. In theorems 5.4.2 (Rouché) and 5.4.6 (Hurwitz), $$n(\Gamma;z)$$ should be 0 or 1 for all $$z \notin \Gamma$$ although it says $$z \in U .$$
26. On page 141, Exercise 5.4.8, the annulus should be $$\operatorname{ann}(0;1,2)$$ not $$\operatorname{ann}(p;1,2).$$ Thanks to Thanks to Rajan Adhikari.
27. In the proof of Rouché (5.4.2), the inequality is one where $$g$$ was replaced by $$-g,$$ which gets the same conclusion of course, but we forgot to mention it.
28. On page 158, in the proof of Riemann mapping theorem, it says $$\{|f_n'(p)|\}$$ is an increasing sequence. Not true as is, though WLOG we could assume it is. But really all we need is that $$|f_n'(p)|\leq|f'(p)| .$$
29. On page 163, towards the top of the page it says $$\psi^{-1}(\xi) \not= p$$ when it should say $$\psi^{-1}(\xi) \not= \frac{1}{p} .$$
30. On page 221 (below the figure), the definition of $$T_\epsilon$$ should start with $$z \in \mathbb{C}$$ not $$z \in T.$$
31. On page 222, in the proof of Corollary 10.1.3, towards the end: We say $$W$$ is the set $$\psi(V)$$ when that should be $$\varphi(V).$$
32. On page 223, in Exercise 10.1.3, a hypothesis is missing, the interval $$(a,b)$$ needs to locally be the boundary of $$U.$$ I will simplify this condition to say $$\Delta \cap \partial U = \Delta \cap \mathbb{R} = (a,b) .$$ You could also assume that $$\Delta$$ is centered on the real line.
33. On page 224, in the statement of Proposition 10.2.3, it says $$[t_{j-1},t_j] \subset \Delta_j$$ when clearly this should be $$\gamma([t_{j-1},t_j]) \subset \Delta_j .$$ Thanks to Preston Kelley for noticing. (The same statement has another typo, it says "Prove that" instead of "Then" because it used to be stated as an exercise.)
34. In Exercise 10.2.15, assume that $$\mathbb{C} \setminus K$$ is connected (it is a domain).
35. In Exercise A.2.12, it should be "$$U \cap V = \emptyset$$, and $$U \cup V = \mathbb{Q}$$". Thanks to Amanullah Nabavi.
36. Exercise A.3.11 is stated as if it was asking to prove both directions of Proposition A.3.12. Next revision will only ask for the direction that wasn't yet proved, since it starts with "Finish the proof of Proposition A.3.12".
37. In Theorem A.5.7, we should assume that the metric space is nonempty to avoid a technicality.

September 10th 2020 edition (version 1.0):

No mathematical errata found, but accents on Rouché and Poincaré were wrong. Oops!