Note: A section for the instructor.

This book originated from my class notes for Math 286 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1  (UIUC) in Fall 2008 and Spring 2009. It is a first course on differential equations for engineers. Using this book, I also taught Math 285 at UIUC, Math 20D at University of California, San Diego 2  (UCSD), and Math 4233 at Oklahoma State University 3  (OSU). Normally these courses are taught with Edwards and Penney, Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems: Computing and Modeling [EP], or Boyce and DiPrima's Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems [BD], and this book aims to be more or less a drop-in replacement. Other books I used as sources of information and inspiration are E.L. Ince's classic (and inexpensive) Ordinary Differential Equations [I], Stanley Farlow's Differential Equations and Their Applications [F], now available from Dover, Berg and McGregor's Elementary Partial Differential Equations [BM], and William Trench's free book Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems [T]. See the Further Reading chapter at the end of the book.

### Subsection0.1.1Organization

The organization of this book to some degree requires chapters be done in order. Later chapters can be dropped. The dependence of the material covered is roughly:

There are a few references in chapters Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 to Chapter 3 (some linear algebra), but these references are not essential and can be skimmed over, so Chapter 3 can safely be dropped, while still covering chapters Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. Chapter 6 does not depend on Chapter 4 except that the PDE section Section 6.5 makes a few references to Chapter 4, although it could, in theory, be covered separately. The more in-depth Appendix A on linear algebra can replace the short review Section 3.2 for a course that combines linear algebra and ODE.

### Subsection0.1.2Typical types of courses

Several typical types of courses can be run with the book. There are the two original courses at UIUC, both cover ODE as well some PDE. Either, there is the 4 hours-a-week for a semester (Math 286 at UIUC):

Or, the second course at UIUC is at 3 hours-a-week (Math 285 at UIUC):

A semester-long course at 3 hours a week that doesn't cover either systems or PDE will cover, beyond the introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 6, and Chapter 7, (with sections skipped as above). On the other hand, a typical course that covers systems will probably need to skip Laplace and power series and cover Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, and Chapter 8.

If sections need to be skipped in the beginning, a good core of the sections on single ODE is: Section 0.2, Section 1.1Section 1.4, Section 1.6, Section 2.1, Section 2.2, Section 2.4Section 2.6.

The complete book can be covered at a reasonably fast pace at approximately 76 lectures (without Appendix A) or 86 lectures (with Appendix A replacing Section 3.2). This is not accounting for exams, review, or time spent in a computer lab. A two-quarter or a two-semester course can be easily run with the material. For example (with some sections perhaps strategically skipped):

Semester 1: Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 6, Chapter 7.
Semester 2: Chapter 3, Chapter 8, Chapter 4, Chapter 5.

A combined course on ODE with linear algebra can run as:

Introduction, Chapter 1 (Section 1.1Section 1.7), Chapter 2, Appendix A, Chapter 3 (w/o Section 3.2), (possibly Chapter 8).

The chapter on the Laplace transform (Chapter 6), the chapter on Sturm–Liouville (Chapter 5), the chapter on power series (Chapter 7), and the chapter on nonlinear systems (Chapter 8), are more or less interchangeable and can be treated as “topics”. If Chapter 8 is covered, it may be best to place it right after Chapter 3, and Chapter 5 is best covered right after Chapter 4. If time is short, the first two sections of Chapter 7 make a reasonable self-contained unit.

### Subsection0.1.3Computer resources

The book's website https://www.jirka.org/diffyqs/ contains the following resources:

1. Interactive SAGE demos.

2. Online WeBWorK homeworks (using either your own WeBWorK installation or Edfinity) for most sections, customized for this book.

3. The PDFs of the figures used in this book.

I taught the UIUC courses using IODE (https://faculty.math.illinois.edu/iode/). IODE is a free software package that works with Matlab (proprietary) or Octave (free software). The graphs in the book were made with the Genius software (see https://www.jirka.org/genius.html). I use Genius in class to show these (and other) graphs.

The source of the book is also available for possible modification and customization at github (https://github.com/jirilebl/diffyqs).

### Subsection0.1.4Acknowledgments

Firstly, I would like to acknowledge Rick Laugesen. I used his handwritten class notes the first time I taught Math 286. My organization of this book through chapter 5, and the choice of material covered, is heavily influenced by his notes. Many examples and computations are taken from his notes. I am also heavily indebted to Rick for all the advice he has given me, not just on teaching Math 286. For spotting errors and other suggestions, I would also like to acknowledge (in no particular order): John P. D'Angelo, Sean Raleigh, Jessica Robinson, Michael Angelini, Leonardo Gomes, Jeff Winegar, Ian Simon, Thomas Wicklund, Eliot Brenner, Sean Robinson, Jannett Susberry, Dana Al-Quadi, Cesar Alvarez, Cem Bagdatlioglu, Nathan Wong, Alison Shive, Shawn White, Wing Yip Ho, Joanne Shin, Gladys Cruz, Jonathan Gomez, Janelle Louie, Navid Froutan, Grace Victorine, Paul Pearson, Jared Teague, Ziad Adwan, Martin Weilandt, Sönmez Şahutoğlu, Pete Peterson, Thomas Gresham, Prentiss Hyde, Jai Welch, Simon Tse, Andrew Browning, James Choi, Dusty Grundmeier, John Marriott, Jim Kruidenier, Barry Conrad, Wesley Snider, Colton Koop, Sarah Morse, Erik Boczko, Asif Shakeel, Chris Peterson, Nicholas Hu, Paul Seeburger, Jonathan McCormick, David Leep, William Meisel, Shishir Agrawal, Tom Wan, Andres Valloud, Martin Irungu, Justin Corvino, and probably others I have forgotten. Finally, I would like to acknowledge NSF grants DMS-0900885 and DMS-1362337.

https://www.math.uiuc.edu/
https://www.math.ucsd.edu/
https://math.okstate.edu/